Three Iowa companies want to spend billions to collect carbon dioxide from bio-refineries in the upper Midwest and build a pipeline network to ship it to sites for sequestering in underground caverns—the first such interstate system for CO2 recovery and storage in the U.S.

但是，环保主义者，地方政府和共和党中西部农民的一个不太可能的联盟正在团结起来反对他们。

Summit Carbon Solutions, a subsidiary of Summit Agriculture Group, an agribusiness and investment firm in the U.S. and Brazil, has proposed the largest of the three—a $4.5-billion, 1,958-mile CO2 pipeline that links to 32 ethanol plants across five states to reduce the carbon footprint of ethanol production and increase its long-term viability in agricultural business.

Dubbed the Midwest Carbon Express and set to operate in 2024, the project would capture and compress carbon dioxide from the fermentation process of bio-refineries, and transport it to North Dakota to be stored underground in deep geologic storage locations.

The company has 100,000 acres of surface area, with wells designed to permanently store 12 million tons of CO2 a year, with capacity that could be expanded to 15 million tpy, Summit Carbon Solutions Chief Operating Officer Jimmy Powell told ENR.

The project would cut the carbon dioxide production of the 32 currently affiliated ethanol plants in half, he said.

碳钢管道将跨越五个州 - 孟买托塔，爱荷华州，内布拉斯加州，南达科他州和北达科他州 - 大小的范围从4英寸到24英寸的直径，具体取决于其沿系统的位置。该公司在提交给爱荷华州公用事业委员会的文件中表示，它将以最大2,183 psi运行，并以48英寸的最低深度安装。

Iowa would have the most pipeline miles, nearly 800.

A study by Ernst & Young said the project would support 7,862 construction contractor and supplier jobs during the construction period 2022 through 2024. Summit Carbon Solutions said it has raised equity investment of $600 million.

三重奏项目新利18备用网址

达拉斯中游服务公司Navigator Energy Services Energy Firm Valero提出的第二个项目，该公司是Heartland Greenway，该公司与石油化学公司一起运营13种乙醇工厂，以及投资公司BlackRock Real Assets，是一家2亿美元，1,200英里的收集和运输工具管道系统每年可存储多达500万吨二氧化碳。

It would transport liquefied carbon dioxide through a 6-in. to 24-in. pipeline from Iowa, Nebraska, South Dakota, Minnesota and Illinois to a central sequestration plant in south-central Illinois. The company said the project will include five injection wells and 15 monitoring wells and could be expanded to 8 million metric tons per year. Construction jobs are expected to number 8,000.

One other proposed project by agri-business giant Archer Daniel Midlands and Wolf Carbon Solutions would be a 350-mile trunk pipeline designed as a backbone to support transporting 12 million tons of CO2 a year from ADM’s ethanol and cogeneration plants in Iowa to它在伊利诺伊州迪凯特市的隔离站点。两家公司表示，该管道将具有为中西部和俄亥俄河谷的其他客户提供服务的备用能力。项目详细信息不可用。

利弊

Supporters of the Midwest Carbon Express worry that without reducing CO2, they would lose substantial revenue if ethanol fails to remain viable and cannot compete in low carbon fuel markets. More than half of the corn grown in Iowa us used to make ethanol. “There is economic benefit to state farmers to keep the demand for corn high,” said Summit Carbon Solutions' Powell.

反对者说，这些项目不是公用事业，不应新利18备用网址获得跨越私有财产的显着领域地位。爱荷华州苏县的监事委员会表示，“二氧化碳管道没有公共目的或实用性。”

爱荷华州富兰克林县“强烈”敦促国家监管机构“谨慎，谨慎”考虑这些好处。它说：“对人民没有直接的好处。”

Farmers are worried how it will affect property values and corn production, and Sioux County said its citizens are worried about pipeline safety.

“There is a big honey pot of tax credits that companies are racing to get a piece of,” said Jess Mazour, conservation program coordinator for the Iowa chapter of the Sierra Club.

Currently the federal credit is $31.77 per metric ton for geologically sequestered CO2, increasing to $50 per metric ton by 2026, according to the Congressional Research Service. Construction must begin by Jan. 1, 2026. The credit currently is available for 12 years and until 75 million tons have been sequestered.

“We’ve heard rumors of a fourth or maybe a fifth pipeline project,” she said.

环境alists are also concerned that CO2 will be used for enhanced oil recovery from old wells, which also qualify for federal tax credits.

Going Forward

Summit Carbon Solutions has filed for a hazardous liquids pipeline in Iowa and South Dakota and seek necessary permits in North Dakota in May. The projec also needs a U.S. Army Corps of Engineers federal Clean Water Act permit for three major river crossings.

Wood Engineering performed early front-end engineering and design and Trimeric Corp., which has carbon capture system design experience, is conducting preliminary engineering on systems that will be located at each ethanol plant, Powell said.

The company has awarded EPC contracts for all phases of the project. Dallas-based Primoris Servicing Corp. will build 24 carbon capture and compression plants, said Powell. Kansas-based ICM will build seven plants and Gulf Interstate Engineering, Houston, will build the pipeline, he added.

Navigator has yet to file for an Iowa permit but submitted a project overview in October. The company told ENR it plans to file for state and federal permits in late summer to early fall, but would not give more detailed information on the project or engineering and construction contract awards.

Wolf Carbon Solutions has not made a filing to Iowa, Donald Tormey, Iowa Utilities Commission spokesman, told ENR.