A nuclear fusion startup led by scientists at MIT on Sept. 8 announced a major advance that the team says could pave the way for the world’s first commercial fusion power reactor by the end of the decade.

Researchers at Commonwealth Fusion Systems (CFS) and MIT’s Plasma Science and Fusion Center (PSFC) conducted a successful test of key magnet technology that generated a sustained field of more than 20 teslas, a unit of intensity for magnetic fields (one newton force per ampere of current per meter of conductor). Findings were announced in a Zoom press conference.

该测试于9月5日在麻省理工学院进行,在融合研究中取得了一个重要的里程碑:它产生的持续磁场足以产生超出其含义的力量,英联邦/麻省理工学院研究小组说。

The power production will be enough to operate the firm’s planned, compact fusion test reactor, called SPARC, and scheduled for a test in 2025, researchers announced.

从来没有做过

英联邦融合首席执行官鲍勃·穆姆加德(Bob Mumgaard)说,“破纪录”磁铁测试结果将为“首次通往融合功率的清晰途径”。“That has never been done before—more energy out than in.”

该公司和麻省理工学院的研究人员将精力集中在建造更强大的磁铁上,这将创建更强大的磁场以在相对较小的Tokamak风格磁性限制装置中实现融合。

反过来,这大大减少了产生融合反应所需的设施规模。与曲棍球体育场的规模相比,计划中的SPARC测试反应堆将是一家高中健身房的大小,与法国南部的220亿美元ITER项目相比。

在管理大小的反应堆中产生融合反应的能力是英联邦计划的关键部分,该计划的重点是将融合开发为市售的电源。

Manageable Size, Manageable Price

该项目的价格为5亿美元,也比Iter小得多,Iter耗资数十亿美元。麻省理工学院研究副总裁玛丽亚·祖伯(Maria Zuber)说,测试工厂和后来的商业飞行员的设计“要模块化”,其能力“可以进出,而不是几个月来拆除”。

尽管科学界已经知道了数十年来融合的能源产生潜力,但研究其背后的科学和工程已经是一个漫长的过程。

去年,英联邦和麻省理工学院的研究人员在科学期刊上发表了许多同行评审的论文,阐述了目前正在进行的研究背后的科学。

Zuber说:“这并不是一个科学实验。”“它利用数十年的基本研究。物理学是众所周知的。”

下一步将是建立SPARC,这是一个小型反应器,它将允许研究人员研究融合反应的物理学,也称为燃烧的血浆,该血浆被比喻为将迷你阳光或星星带到地球上。新利18备用

如果证明这是成功的,英联邦和麻省理工学院将开始在世界上第一个商业融合反应堆上工作,到2030年代初期或可能在本十年末之前准备就绪飞行员工厂。

随着私人投资者资助的英联邦的加强,它已经开始在马萨诸塞州德文斯市的47英亩的总部综合大楼工作,这是前美国陆军基地,已将其变成制造业,工业和生命科学公园。

That project is expected to cost hundreds of millions to build, with hopes of having the test reactor and a manufacturing facility built by next year.

A big plus of fusion energy is the combination of a potentially limitless source of energy using readily available fuel—hydrogen—with fairly manageable waste, researchers say.

That limitless supply could give fusion a major edge not just over fossil fuels, but also renewable sources of energy that are weather dependent, saidRanganathan Gopalakrishnan, a mechanical engineering professor at the University of Memphis who is involved in his own research project around the use of nuclear fusion to generate power.

Gopalakrishnan说,融合厂也可以插入目前的网格中,而不会进行大量重组。

他认为有可能在2030年代中期运行的飞行员商业融合厂,随后在2040年代进行了更广泛的推出。

“There is still a long way to go,” Gopalakrishnan said. “This is the first time where they have gotten so much energy out compared to what they put in. “That is definitely a breakthrough.”