Geographic Information Systems and Building Information Modeling have developed side-by-side over a period of more than three decades, with civil engineers, architects and contractors using both types of data to better inform airport, transit, road and even general building projects.

尽管有这些相似之处，但吐温从未在这些年的发展中见面。GIS捕获并创造了分析空间和地理信息的机会，而BIM的相关参数则侧重于建筑物的容忍度和施工相位，捕获了建筑物及其基础设施的相互作用。

Autodesk和Esri是一家在1960年代发明了Geomapping的公司，并一直是其加利福尼亚州雷德兰兹市GIS技术的主要参与者，他在2017年宣布了与GIS和BIM的工作流有关的新合作伙伴关系。在今年6月的用户会议上，ESRI展示了一种新产品：Arcgis Geobim。作为主导的GIS供应商，ESRI说它已经建立了一个网站，这是将ArcGIS连接到Autodesk Construction Cloud的重要举措。

Even though it’s just the beginning of the integration, such GIS-to-BIM workflows could eliminate the wholesale recreation of data from one system to the other that is currently required, a problem that has generated mountains of repetitive work for virtual design and construction departments over the years.

John Tocci，John Tocci，洛杉矶PCL建筑服务公司的VDC经理，竞争了古怪的美国调查FT，这是测量师在测量师中常见的标准测量单位，当时他正在为Los的合并租赁租赁设施工作时Angeles International Airport’s Landside Access Modernization Program. All of the survey data on the airport’s land was listed in survey ft, a measurement first adopted by the U.S. in 1866, which specifies that one meter is equal to 39.37 in. and 1,200 m is equal to 3,937 ft. To convert survey ft to meters, Tocci and his team had to divide those two numbers.

他说：“您提出的十进制位置有10个位置[.3048006096]。”“美国的调查脚不同于小数脚，因为有了小数十进制，它们只是将其截断为0.3048。”

Tocci says that what ended up happening was, since the survey ft doesn’t match up with a decimal ft but isn’t really used outside of surveying, the Autodesk software they used couldn’t handle the conversion.

“You end up with a shared coordinate system that’s actually inaccurate when you’re round-tripping data, just assuming a foot of one sort is the same as a foot of another sort, when your shared coordinate system is based on your survey coordinates,” he says.

The only answer at the time was recreating all of those coordinates for the project in decimal ft.

去年，该调查FT最终作为Revit和Civil 3D的测量单位添加。但是Arcgis Geobim不仅可以解决此类小问题，也是多年工作的结果。Autodesk和Esri曾在开放API和更好的数据共享方面工作，但是Arcgis Geobim是两家供应商的工程师一起工作，融合调查和设计工作流程的第一批产品。

基于Web的服务仍在今年晚些时候发布之前进行测试，但是Enr与几位工程师进行了交谈，他们说，到目前为止，其工作流程是带来更好的GIS-TO-BIM数据体验的重要第一步新利18备用。

HNTB的牙买加车站的5D数字双胞胎允许垂直和水平景观，突出显示阶段区域，并将其用作空间书签。
屏幕截图由HNTB提供

“What we’re trying to create is a single source of truth access point for anyone on the team to see the latest design information, whether that’s coming from 2D civil [bird’s-eye view] as well as the 3D design aspects, which all need to be visualized in 3D vertically,” says Darin Welch, HNTB associate vice president and national geospatial and virtual engagement manager. “We need a way to see horizontal and vertical in a way that brings all of that information together in that single source of truth.”

Both horizontal and vertical views are needed for projects such as rail lines, train stations and airports since they show how a whole system interacts while also offering detail on individual components, such as stations and platforms. GIS and BIM data both have roles to play in this comprehensive view.

For the Long Island Rail Road’s Jamaica Station capacity improvements project, Welch and his team at HNTB put on their programmer hats and built a 5D digital twin that had design, schedule and cost estimates for the 10 main stages of the project and 29 sub-stages. The 5D model brought together data from 3ds Max, ArcGIS CityEngine, Microsoft Project, Microsoft Excel, Esri’s Javascript API and other sources. It was a lot of work, but the Jamaica Capacity Improvements Virtual Design and Construction Explorer has helped HNTB keep the project on schedule for completion later this year.

hntbis the lead heavy civil engineer on part of the expansion of O’Hare International Airport in Chicago. The engineer is designing a central tunnel system for utilities, baggage and passengers. The total cost of the project is expected to be $1.4 billion. “The passenger tunnel is the one that we have been kind of slated to prototype our ArcGIS GeoBIM early adoption,” Welch says.

他说，对该项目的4D和5D建模比在牙买加电台上的依赖程度较小，但是更多地依赖HNTB如何从多个顾问和承包商那里汇集源文件以及3D BIM数据。机场官员讨论了将所有项目数据带入单个可视化产品以进行协调和冲突检测。韦尔奇说：“这是一条新的地下隧道。”“这是机场工作的广泛地下公用事业。”

Welch explains that HNTB and the Chicago Department of Aviation have already determined the general tunnel location and are now refining functions and placements. “They have a Point A and Point B but we’re figuring out how it’s laid out in between and how we will allocate the spaces for cargo transfer versus passenger and intermix, all of that with minimal impact to things like utilities.”

使用Arcgis Geobim之后，韦尔奇将其视为建立GIS和BIM之间联系的积极发展。他说：“您直接从ArcGIS Pro连接到Autodesk Construction Cloud的BIM 360，或者Autodesk Civil 3D直接连接到在线或企业直接连接到ArcGIS，直接连接到这些托管数据服务。”“在我们不完全没有的情况下，如果没有[数据]的翻译，就可以拥有相同的真实集成。那还没有在网上。对我们来说，在Arcgis Geobim中的承诺是它是迈向真正的Web集成的第一步。”

另一个需要GIS和BIM的强大数据的复杂基础架构项目是HDR的设计，该设计是多伦多安大略省82亿美元的安大略省线路运输系统的设计。作为技术顾问，HDR负责10英里的地铁，15个电台，3D冲突检测和项目管理，支持4D相位的模型以及动态整合2D和3D设计数据的全面GIS门户。

ArcGIS Geobim允许工程师和VDC经理同时查看建筑模型及其附加信息，并与GIS地图一起使用其资产和3D数据。
Screenshots courtesy of ESRI and HDR

HDR’s BIM 360 common data environment shows project progress on a weekly basis, including design progression that integrates a 2D design layout and 3D information to help designers and contractors better contextualize how information fits together. It is currently composed of more than 320 design models and is expected to contain more than 400 by the time of its completion in 2027.

“我认为我们现在略高于4 tb的reality capture data specific to point clouds,” says Cameron Schaefer, transportation data acquisition and reality mesh director at HDR. “We’ve got underground stations, we’ve got above-ground stations, we’ve got all forms of LiDAR data whether it’s fixed wing, helicopter, mobile and terrestrial LiDAR.” HDR’s BIM 360 solution connects to a 3D GIS viewer of vertical and architectural models and integrates reality meshes and LiDAR sources that puts every part of the project into context.

"It’s one thing to bring the 3D models into a GIS environment where you’re looking at a generally flat at grade GIS Map, but you’re not getting the context and the accuracy of the buildings, grading or drainage in relation to real world elevations," Schaefer says. “With our reality capture data, we have assets like the streetlights and the guy wires. You’re seeing all of that collectively when you bring in the high resolution point cloud data.”

BIM 360云连接工具允许HDR动态连接和从GIS获取数据。Schaefer还测试了Arcgis Geobim，并认为它也打开了可能性

Schaefer说，这使用户可以看到3D模型的数据层和级别。

“您真的很想进入Autodesk Civil 3D或Revit模型中构建的元数据，因为它的目的是在本机设计平台内与ESRI场景中的可比工具内的元数据。”

Currently ArcGIS Pro offers “scenes,” a way of tilting up 2D maps and presenting some associated 3D model information. Schaefer calls it a “semi-helpful tool” that allows a user a limited way to view 3D models in ArcGIS Pro, but it doesn’t allow a user to dive into the data of a 3D parametric model.

Schaefer说，对于下游用户，Geobim为他们提供了两个环境。它提供了简化的GIS版本，然后为建筑物，公用事业隧道和其他包含BIM信息的事物提供了，用户可以打开模型，搜索属性集并连接到同一屏幕中BIM 360中可用的内容。它连接了BIM 360中已经可用的内容，并将其放在同一屏幕中。

“I could have a scene open on one screen and I could have BIM 360 open on another,” Schaefer says. “It would be very similar to the functionality that GeoBIM has. The difference is that I would have to search through a folder hierarchy on BIM 360 each time, rather than visually use navigation. I’d have to find a model. I’d have to hunt through folders to find that model.”

对于ESRI和AUTODESK而言，这不仅意味着集成不仅仅是数据。自2016年以来，两家供应商一直在互操作性。

For Esri and Autodesk, this partnership means integration of more than just their data. The two vendors have been working together since 2016 on broader interoperability as well.

Autodesk的建筑与工程设计策略高级总监Theo Agelopoulos说：“我们在2016年与Autodesk Utility Design的产品脱离了。”“那是当我们开始更多地关注我们的核心业务，这确实是围绕设计，建造的。”

Chris Andrews is group product manager of geo-enabled systems and SmartCities/3D at Esri, but he previously worked in cloud services at Autodesk. In 2016 he and Agelopoulos got their respective CEOs (Carl Bass at Autodesk and Jack Dangermond at Esri) together and came up with a three-phase plan that began with the product integrations between ArcGIS Pro, Revit and Civil 3D. The next phase, Agelopoulos says, was around connecting the companies’ products not just into each other’s data, but also connecting them from a product-to-cloud or product-to-enterprise database perspective.

“An IFC model is a database with 700 tables all its own,” says Anthony Renteria, Esri’s product manager for ArcGIS GeoBIM. “And then a GIS can have hundreds of tables storing other types of information about assets. It’s more about using both to do something that simply wasn’t possible in any other way in the past.”

More than 300 models and several different types of LiDAR scanes were integrated into HDR’s BIM 360 visual representation of the Ontario Line project in Toronto.
BIM集成项目图courtesy of HDR

安德鲁斯说，Autodesk-Esri合作伙伴关系的前两年实际上是关于两个供应商，证明他们可以做到这一点，转移了产品路线地图，以便他们甚至可以开始保持一致。确定了两家公司的连接器，可以在数据库中共享数据的点以及云基础架构，并开始进行适当集成。

“Just bringing a layer into an application, that’s been possible since the connectors effort started,” Andrews says. Development hastened over the years to the point where ArcGIS GeoBIM was possible as an actual service, the third phase of the partnership.

Renteria说：“无论是与网站周围的其他建筑物或公用事业线》中看到该项目，并与这些项目保持协调，使您可以不断地在网络浏览器中可视化这些信息。”“那是在改变游戏。您不仅在内部使用它来进行内部协调目的，而且还可以与其他团队进行讨论。”