The Century Project for the Space Needle | Submitted by Hoffman Construction Co.
Seattle
Region:新利18备用西北
Owner太空针公司
领先设计公司奥尔森·昆迪格（Olson Kundig）
总承包人霍夫曼建筑公司
结构/MEP工程师（Top House翻新）阿鲁普
声学工程师BRC声学
Subcontractors塞内卡集团；战斗管理咨询；Magnusson Klemencic Associates；Holaday-Parks Inc.；福尔摩斯；Front Inc。；Niteo；rdh;tihany设计；麦克维·奥克利（McVey Oakley）； Fives Lund LLC; O’Brien & Co.; BrandSafway; Apex Steel; Breedt Tooling & Design
When Jeff Wright was about three years old, his father, Howard S. Wright, one of the five original partner owners and general contractor for the Space Needle, loaded him into a then-under-construction elevator and took him to the structure’s observation desk. With his father holding his ankles, Jeff lay on his stomach to peer over the Space Needle’s edge.
“这让我吓坏了狄更斯，”现在的太空针头伙伴赖特说。“我不记得60年前的很多事情，但我记得那是昨天。”
That memory, in part, inspired the Century Project—the Space Needle’s $100-million renovation to transform the disk, set 520 ft in the air, into a glass jewel box in the sky and give the landmark’s 1.3 million annual visitors the same gasp-inducing experience. The project’s design called for installation of 176 tons of glass material—196% more than the Space Needle originally had. The revamp includes floor-to-ceiling glass panels, an outdoor observation deck with open-air glass walls and glass benches and a glass-floor oculus at the base of a cantilevered steel, wood and glass staircase that connects to the Loupe, the world’s first and only rotating glass floor.
太空针的原始概念是为1962年世界博览会而建造的，是在象征太空时代的愿望和城市的创新精神的同时，欣赏西雅图的景色。景色始终是重点。But after 50 years of remodels and additions, including a cement barrier wall and wire cages, the landmark needed a modernization that would “get [that] out of the way,” expand views and reveal its internal structure by leaning on the Needle’s original sketches.
Alan Maskin, principal and owner of lead design firm Olson Kundig, came to appreciate that same view when, doing research, he and a colleague crawled between spaces under the Needle’s floor, where they found a hole that looked 500 ft straight down. “We made a point of saying to each other that this is a view that nobody has ever seen before, and what if we opened that up to the world and let people see the aspects of the innovations of the original architects, builders and engineers.”
Maskin的团队始于现有空间的数字模型，使其能够玩游戏。“我们开始击中删除密钥，”马斯金说。如果他们剥夺了水泥障碍怎么办？如果他们拿走了旋转的地板并将其制成玻璃怎么办？“因此，我们一直在删除，删除和删除，并且该项目变得关于减法，因为在该模型中，我们一直在擦除，而我们越来越多的项目就会越来越好。”
空间奇数
The project presented enormous logistical challenges: demolition and construction set 500 ft in the air was like building a ship in a bottle, and Maskin says the construction might as well have been in outer space. “It really did feel like it could have been on the international space station—it felt like it could be that remote,” Maskin says. The disc’s limited workspace was accessible through only one of the Space Needle’s three elevators. At the same time, the owners wanted the Space Needle to remain open to the public during the renovation.
霍夫曼建筑公司项目经理鲍勃·文森特（Bob Vincent）和Enr 202新利18备用0年的前25名新闻记者之一，首先必须弄清楚如何为工人提供空间并将材料带入观察甲板。After rejecting the use of a giant, costly crane, the team recruited BrandSafway to create a suspended, retractable QuikDeck platform connected to the Needle’s upper structure, starting with a 16-ft-wide suspended platform ring in three sections, each connected with an 8-ft walkway.
为了避免白天打扰太空针头访问者，有25名船员在深夜将14吨，106英尺的新生平台吊起，并使用十几个两部分的拖拉机吊床将戒指500英尺放置在空中，每个容量为8,800磅。同时，十几名工人驻扎在上升平台的顶部，将其链接到位。然后，该平台全尺寸为135英尺，总重量为87吨。它的天气障碍可以承受115英里 /小时的风。霍夫曼估计，与传统脚手架和大型起重机相比，快速甲板系统的成本节省超过700万美元。
“Within days there was a windstorm, and it held up beautifully,” says John May, BrandSafway branch manager.
在风中吹
但是，如何将巨型玻璃面板置于平台和观察甲板的挑战中，Apex Steel帮助解决了这一任务。该公司与霍夫曼（Hoffman）合作，设计了定制的龙门起重机，该起重机位于针屋顶上，以抬起钢和玻璃面板，并最终拆除脚手架。公司总裁凯文·科斯特（Kevin Koester）说，独一无二的起重机的美丽是用零件抬起电梯，并在观察甲板上手工组装，是可以拆除和重复使用的。现在，它正在存储以备将来用来替换玻璃面板或其他更新。
文森特说，当他站在脚手架上时，他意识到西雅图的风如何。从地面到观测甲板的每2,300磅玻璃面板的10分钟起重机吊装期间，风能将面板变成危险的风车。为了保持玻璃的稳定，团队开发了机动的风扇安装在玻璃面板上的定制吊杆上，并从地面（类似于无人机）远程控制了风扇，以防止在吊装期间旋转面板。
Breedt Production Tooling and Design built a 5,600-lb glass-placement robot (nicknamed Ndulu) on the observation deck. Ndulu grabbed each panel through a suction-cup-like mechanism and maneuvered along a track to place the glass panels.
Spinning Wheel
在太空针头内，Fives Lund Llc的高级工程师兼项目经理Wade Morris研究了如何将地板转变为Loupe，这是世界上第一个也是唯一的旋转玻璃地板。地板以前旋转在传统的铁路式铁轨上安装在结构上，车轮连接到地板下面。新机构的192个尼拉敏齿轮安装在固定框架上，使地板可以符合太空针的运动和几何形状的变化。他估计地板的旋转组件重约80吨。地板由12个电动机旋转，每个电动机都有1/4马力和426：1齿轮的降低。莫里斯解释说，通过径向滑动以解释建筑物的不准确几何形状，从本质上“遵循”略微不完美的转盘。
莫里斯说：“我担心的是，事情不会平坦，也不会圆形，但它们也不会正确地定位，并且可能不会完全滚动。”“当他们放入那些玻璃面板上并且正在手动旋转桌子时，当我们意识到桌子确实要旋转并正确地放在一起时，我的所有担忧和担忧就得到了缓解。”
The Space Needle’s designation as a Seattle landmark required the exterior look of the building to remain unaltered, creating a challenge to implementing the design of open floor views showcasing the turntable mechanics, elevators and ground below.
该项目的结构和建筑服务工程师Arup的助理Cress Wakefield说：“它总是旋转，但以前曾经是不透明的服务，因此玻璃确实需要重新考虑机械策略。”借助地板服务不再是选择，Arup使用计算流体动力学（CFD）分析设计了一项高架空气策略来优化设计。新的地板还需要结构改造，以适应玻璃的重量增加以及维护装载。
“The modern manufacturing capabilities really allowed the engineer and the architect to design and install glazing in sizes and locations that the original designers could only have dreamt of—and that’s how the extension of the views was realized, as well as the floor,” says Wakefield. It would not have happened “without the advance in the material science of glazing, and that is an innovation that will enable design and will be carried forward in a lot of other unique situations.”
一起来
奥尔森·昆迪格（Olson Kundig）的马斯金（Maskin）说，他的最大乐趣是看着游客体验太空针头。“It is one of the most visceral projects I will ever design, and it’s also the most interactive—people have to use their bodies,” says Maskin, noting he has never before made architecture that people want to touch, lie down on, dance on and peer over. He hears children cajole grandparents to take the first steps onto the glass floor. “Almost everyone goes a little bit further than they think they are going to go.”
尽管项目团队实现了翻新的最终目标，即给游客带来令人心动的体验，但赖特也为该项目激发了世纪项目的团队和船员的回忆而感到自豪。
赖特说：“在过去的60年中，我让人们来找我说，‘我的父亲建造了太空针头。’“这是一个永远与他们在一起的故事。”
