A在前一天的史无前例的骚乱中，工人在1月7日在美国国会大厦综合大楼周围加强了临时围栏。在唐纳德·特朗普总统袭击国会大厦的支持者之后，五人死亡，包括国会警察，包括国会大厦警察，也促使一些专家和安全专家呼吁围绕全国最明显的民主象征进行永久性障碍。

迄今为止，国会大厦及其周围安装的永久安全措施的设计主要是为了平衡该化合物的各种建筑物和地面的安全性和可访问性。“It’s a beacon for the United States, it represents all of our ideals, but at the same time we’re trying to make sure they can continue their function,” says Peggy Van Eepoel, senior principal and a security specialist at Thornton Tomasetti, and its Washington,, D.C. director.

Broadly speaking, Van Eepoel—who has worked on several projects within the Capitol compound—says striking the balance between openness and security is one of her team’s biggest challenges when working on the National Mall. “It struck us just how much this demonstrated that," she said. Van Eepoel could not speak to specific current security measures at the Capitol because of nondisclosure agreements.

On the other hand, Terry Gainer, former chief of the Capitol Police and former Senate sergeant-at-arms, told National Public Radio that, in “retrospect,” a fence should have been erected earlier. He added, “We’ve made suggestions from a security point of view that have been rejected.”

其他人则继续倡导维持更多的被动措施。“栅栏会照顾好它，但栅栏不是适当的干预措施，”一位知情的前政府雇员在暴动时告诉ENR。新利18备用“警察必须找到其他方法，无论是增加人力还是便携式措施。我不太确定解决方案是什么，但我知道解决方案不是什么。”

The former official called the breach a “real security failure” but said it wasn’t a “physical infrastructure failure” because “the police perhaps didn’t have the right manpower or weren’t in the right place.”

Thomas Vonier, a Washington, D.C., and Paris-based-architect with experience in building security, agrees. The president of the International Union of Architects and past president of the American Institute of Architects says security measures for government facilities in the U.S. don’t typically, " address mob riot scenarios; they aim at deterring vehicle-borne explosives, vehicle ramming attacks, and small-arms attacks by individuals or small paramilitary units. ... The U.S. Capitol is a symbol of our democratic republic. We can’t outfit it as a fortress or an armed camp."

专家们同意，将检查和更新国会大厦的所有安全方面，从而创造出所学到的经验教训，这些经验教训将远远超出国会大厦。范·埃波尔（Van Eepoel）表示，她的公司对客户（否则）提出了越来越多的疑问。

“It will be an event that will be a reference that we can learn a lot of lessons from,” she says.

在岩石和艰难的地方

Security at the Capitol Complex has been upgraded over the years after several incidents. In 1998. a gunman killed two Capitol Hill police officers.

One of the Capitol’s most significant security upgrades, the $600-million Capitol Visitor Center, opened in 2008. It was designed and constructed so that almost everyone who enters the Capitol complex does so from a security checkpoint about a football field away from the building itself.

Designed and constructed security upgrades at the Capitol Complex, including the Visitor Center, fall under the purview of the Architect of the Capitol (AOC). A spokeswoman for the current AOC, J. Brett Blanton, did not respond to a request for comment. As AOC, Blanton’s duties include serving on the Capitol Police Board.

游客中心的设计师RTKL现在的CallisonRtkl拒绝置评，该项目的承包商曼哈顿建筑也拒绝发表评论。

尽管国会大厦游客中心是该综合大楼的“前门”，但前政府官员接受了此故事的采访，称国会议员使用的其他门是出于便利而开放的。“在某个时候，其他门应该被锁定，否则这些门应该采取安全措施，与国会大厦游客中心相似。”

1月6日，由于数百人冲进该建筑物，骚乱者在脆弱的临时围栏上撕裂。暴民聚集在国会大厦的台阶上，然后其一些成员打破了窗户并进入建筑物。其他人则冲过主要门，到达了容纳房间的建筑物侧面。

Once inside, the mob seemed to freely roam throughout the building without much resistance, forcing a lockdown that disrupted Congress’ certification of President-Elect Joe Biden’s Electoral College victory.

军官杀死了国会大厦

Capitol police officer Brian D. Sicknick died on Jan. 7, according to apress releasefrom the U.S. Capitol Police. The officer was "injured while physically engaging with protesters" and then "returned to his division office and collapsed. He was taken to a local hospital where he succumbed to his injuries," the release says. Media reports indicate there were around 60 other officers injured, with several still hospitalized.

在执法人员和抗议者之间的建筑物内部的僵局中，一场暴徒被枪杀。另外三人在暴动期间遭受了“医疗紧急情况”，随后死亡。

While hardening breached doors and windows seems like an easy starting point to bolster security at the Capitol, Van Eepoel says it’s not so simple to design functioning windows that also protect against a blast load, forcible entry and ballistics all at once, especially on a 228-year-old historic building with “architectural limitations.” She says you have to “take all those things together and try to figure out a solution. There are windows designed for all those things, but they might not do everything else well.”

Preventing intruders who do breach doors and windows from circulating throughout the building is also a challenging balance. “If you establish the baseline that people can’t get [into the building], then maybe you don’t compartmentalize the building as much,” Van Eepoel says.

She says many schools concerned about active shooters have developed ways to maintain day-to-day circulation with the ability to compartmentalize the building in the event of an emergency. Taking such measures at the Capitol could include door locks, reconstructing doors and building partitions. “I’m sure there’s going to be a full evaluation of that,” Van Eepoel says.

Passive Resistance

After the 2012 shooting in Newtown, Conn., killed 20 first-graders and six adults, designers aimed to fortify the new Sandy Hook Elementary School without re-traumatizing survivors. The project team installed footbridges over a rain garden constructed directly in front of the building. They also used bioswales to create a natural buffer to the building.

Van Eepoel says natural security measures such as these wouldn’t work in the same way at the Capitol, but it is helpful to consider such remedies when thinking about security more creatively. “There is certain landscaping that is not very friendly to people trying go through it,” she says.

Creating differences in elevations with retaining walls that are difficult to climb but blend into the landscape is another possible solution, she says.

她在桑顿·托马塞蒂（Thornton Tomasetti）的团队最近在华盛顿纪念碑（Washington Monument）提高了新访客设施的安全性，而没有通过建造“哈哈墙”（我们欺骗您的ha-ha墙”来阻碍纪念碑，以使汽车待在海湾。她说，墙壁上有一个分层的固定墙，该墙壁周围围绕着地点。如果您站在街上，就不会将其视为墙。您认为它是一片倾斜的草，因为它的景观方式。”

范·埃普尔（Van Eepoel）说，设计师还可以考虑旨在阻止暴徒穿透周边的美国大使馆，同时也保持民主理想。她指出，自2001年9月11日之后的“膝盖反应”以来，安全设计已经走了很长一段路，恐怖分子的袭击导致了种植者和临时措施，其中一些措施今天仍然存在。

“随着时间的推移,认为,创造力和协作,we can come up with a solution that isn’t just, ‘Let’s put a wall around this building,’” she says, adding that those solutions can much more embody “the United States” and what “our representation is to the world and to our country.”