King Open/Cambridge Street Upper Schools and Community Complex
Cambridge, Mass.
Best Project, K-12 Education
Key Players
所有者：City of Cambridge
Executive and Design Architect:威廉·鲁恩（William Rawn Associates）
Associate Architect:Arrowstreet Inc.
Construction Manager:W.T. Rich Company
Civil Engineer:Nitsch Engineering
Structural Engineer:LeMessurier
MEP Engineer:Garcia, Galuska, DeSousa Inc.
分包商：LeVangie Electric Co.; United Civil; LaFramboise Well Drilling Inc.; Sunrise Erectors (Architectural Exterior Wall System); Trimax (Structural Steel)
The first building designed under the Cambridge, Mass., Net Zero Action Plan set an exceptional standard for sustainability in public schools. The new $129.5-million King Open/Cambridge Street Upper Schools and Community Complex, a 270,000-sq-ft facility completed in August 2019, is the first school in Massachusetts to produce net zero carbon emissions and the state’s largest net zero emissions municipal building. The facility consumes no fossil fuels on site and leverages a highly efficient design to minimize energy demand.
“This particular project team worked hand in hand with each other throughout the entire process in making sure that the city’s goals were met while making sure this building operates at a very high level that can be recognized from an efficiency standpoint, not only in New England, but also throughout the country,” says Brian Santos, president and project executive at W.T. Rich Company, which served as construction manager at-risk on the project.
该设施在现场无法实现化石燃料消耗的能力主要是通过使用74,000平方英尺的光伏太阳能电池阵列（城市中最大的）驱动。太阳能电池板覆盖了整个屋顶以及外墙的一部分，还用作窗帘。此外，每个可用平方英尺的现场空间都用于安装190个闭环地热井，这些井可以满足建筑物的全部供暖和冷却需求。
The combination of the solar array and geothermal wells strikes an important balance in not only sustainability goals, but also in use of open space on the site, says Samuel Lasky, principal at William Rawn Associates, which served as executive and design architect.
“It took a lot of time and effort to maximize photovoltaic possibilities on the site without creating a system that overwhelmed the building,” he says. “Some [architects] design giant canopies and other ways to expand the real estate for arrays on projects. But [King Open] has such a powerful history as the main outdoor green space within its neighborhood. We didn’t want to cover all of this green space we were creating with things that made it feel less open. We tried to find the right balance, maximizing onsite production and usable green space to feel welcoming to the neighborhood.”
The strategy enabled the design team to open up additional green space on the site. The existing school on site—which the new King Open project replaced—included a large surface parking lot.
对于新设施，停车位于教学大楼下方的一级106空间车库中。这为创建更多的绿色空间并为地热井安装打开了更多网站提供了双重好处。该网站现在包括133,500平方英尺的开放空间 - 几乎比以前的现场计划所提供的大英亩要多。
“We used every available square foot of that exterior landscape area for geothermal wells.”
– Brian Santos, President and Project Executive at W.T. Rich Company
随着该网站的增加，带来了更多的施工挑战。像大多数剑桥一样，国王开放地位的遗址主要是粘土，桑托斯说这使钻探变得困难。机组人员执行了400万美元以上的深度开挖和土壤处置包。将新的土壤材料进口到该地点，并压实以帮助稳定整体足迹。
他补充说：“我们的计划避免了必须做数千个士兵桩或其他改进。”
创建近200地热井的粘土ite was also tedious. The project team considered various options, including deep well systems, horizontal systems, traditional wells and combination well and energy-efficient HVAC systems. In the end, a traditional well system was confirmed by the project team as the best option.
“We used every available square foot of that exterior landscape area for geothermal wells, which are spaced out about every 20 feet,” Santos says. “It took two years just for that [installation].”
Solid Plan
Another key element toward achieving the city’s sustainability goals was the highly efficient exterior envelope. The curtain wall helps provide adequate daylighting, while masonry reduces glare. Super-insulated framing and high-performance windows were also incorporated. As the construction manager at-risk, W.T. Rich Company was involved early in the design phase and worked directly with the design team to find affordable options to achieve high expectations. Santos says the preconstruction phase was essential for planning, researching and developing mock-ups, which allowed the team to better understand these systems during both the design and construction phases.
“Being able to manage expectations and making sure we provided the right mock-ups was ultra-important on the project,” Santos says. “It goes without saying, we also had to manage the owner’s cost expectations and schedule factors around those materials.”
Coupled with its high sustainability goals, the project also aims to offer significant community benefits. The complex consolidates multiple schools, including the King Open School, Cambridge Street Upper School, King Open Preschool, King Open Extended Day and Community Schools. The complex also houses office space for the Cambridge Public Schools administration and includes on its site the 10,000-sq-ft Valente Branch library, which is part of the city’s public library system.
To meet the combined goals of the school and the community, the design team split the facility into two structural steel wings. One wing is comprised largely of classrooms and other school-specific spaces.
“The single biggest move in the design was to separate [the complex] into two halves.”
——萨缪尔斯基,负责人威廉Rawn组合es
另一个机翼致力于可以与社区共享的设施，例如380个座位的礼堂，两个体育馆，一个自助餐厅和公共图书馆。这一分裂还帮助了该项目的可持续性目标。当正常上课时间不使用时，教室机翼的能源需求是最小的。另外，社区机翼通常在与教室机翼不同的时间内使用，也可以根据需要使用能量来满足其目的。
“The single biggest move in the design was to separate it into two halves,” Lasky says. “That split means that at certain hours—when the cafeteria or gyms will be used—it’s easy to separate and control access to the classroom wing. You don’t have to power the whole building to serve the community.”
Public Space
Expanded green space also meets community needs. The site on Cambridge Street has provided public spaces for Cambridge since the 1800s. Over the decades, playing fields, swimming pools and schools were built on the parcel. The new campus aims to restore and preserve historical uses of the property. Site amenities include the Gold Star Pool, two basketball courts, the Charles G. Rossie bocce court, five playgrounds, an outdoor splash pad, Cambridge Street Plaza, Valente Reading Garden and a courtyard.
Along Cambridge Street, designers stepped the buildings back from the street to create a new crescent-shaped civic plaza. The building’s aesthetic design is highlighted by the terra-cotta facade that faces Cambridge Street. The facade includes more than 20 shades of color, inspired by the variety of brick facades visible throughout the neighboring community. Santos said crews had to meticulously coordinate installation of the terra-cotta to correctly match the desired look.
Adjacent to the terra-cotta-clad facade, the Valente Branch library is clad in curtain wall that infuses daylight from three sides to provide a balanced, glare-free environment. The library’s interior is highlighted by warm, natural materials, such as wood and stone, to make it feel inviting.
除了可持续性和社区需求外，该团队还为剑桥公立学校管理人员提供了大约30,000平方英尺的空间，这也受到了挑战。该空间是通过在四层楼社区翼顶部建造两层楼的补充来创建的。尽管该变更的预算大约增加了1500万美元，但该项目必须遵守其为期三年的时间表。桑托斯说：“这是最后的冲刺，但是通过共同努力，我们满足了时间表的要求。”
尽管由于大流行，剑桥市的建筑计划经理迈克尔·布莱克（Michael Black）表示，这座建筑物正符合设计的努力，但该学校没有在整个学年开放。Black指出，该项目代表了该市净零行动计划的演变的重大成就。他说：“我们一直在努力前进，但要从过去学习。”“国王公开赛的工作将为未来的项目提供信息。”新利18备用网址
