建筑设备制造商，房屋建筑商，钢铁制造商和有组织的劳动力赞扬了众议院民主党与特朗普总统的首席贸易谈判代表之间的新协议，该协议是北美自由贸易协定的继任者。

但是环保团体对该计划省略气候标准感到不满意。

The deal would seem to put to rest Trump's threat to pull the U.S. out of NAFTA without a new agreement in place, a move that a construction economist says would have caused uncertainty for businesses could have led to companies' holding off on construction plans.

该协议是众议院议长南希·佩洛西（Nancy Pelosi）（D-Calif。）和12月10日宣布的其他党派同事在同一天由加拿大，墨西哥和美国的官员签署的协议。众议院于12月19日以385-41票通过了它。参议院的考虑将在新年之后。

佩洛西在美国国会大厦的一次新闻发布会上说，在新协议中，民主党人寻求更严格的规定来执行协议和语言，以保护美国工人的权利。[新闻发布会的查看笔录here。]

佩洛西说，该协议被称为美国 - 墨西哥 - 加拿大协议（USMCA），比特朗普政府的较早提议“无限好”。

民主党谈判小组领导人的众议院方法和手段委员会主席理查德·尼尔（D-Mass。

The agreement won the backing of AFL-CIO President Richard Trumka, whose views were crucial in the trade debate. Trumka said in a statement that “we have secured an agreement that working people can proudly support.”

Trumka补充说，新协议“比原始的北美自由贸易协定和2017年提出的有缺陷的提案都取得了巨大改进。”

他引用了交易的“强制劳动standards-including a process that allows for the inspections of factories and facilities that are not living up to their obligations.” The AFL-CIO did hedge slightly, saying that it wants to see that the final text of the agreement contains changes that are reported to be in it.

另一位谈判代表的众议员吉米·戈麦斯（D-Calif。）强调了条约中的语言，该语言将建立“监测机制，以评估墨西哥在实施其劳动改革方面的进展，并遵守我们书面书面规定的规则。”

Gomez, who formerly worked for the American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees' nurses' union, added that the agreement an “enhanced labor-specific enforcement mechanism that will support and ensure that violation of the agreement standards will have real-world consequences.”

戈麦斯说：“我认为这是一次巨大的胜利。”“这不再是'NAFTA Lite'。”那是批评家对较早提案的申请。

Rep. Suzanne Bonamici (D-Ore.) added that the final deal also includes "better rules" on environmental issues, including "several multilateral agreements."

但是主要的环境团体批评了新协议。塞拉俱乐部执行董事迈克尔·布鲁恩（Michael Brune）在12月11日表示陈述这项交易“似乎远远远远远远远远远远不止民主党和环境团体始终说的是为了遏制北美自由贸易协定的环境破坏。”布鲁恩（Brune）引用了显然缺乏气候标准以及空气和水污染极限。

Industry officials voiced support for the agreement. Thomas J. Gibson, American Iron and Steel Institute president and chief executive officer, praised the trade news. He said in a陈述，“实施USMCA对于面对全球过剩能力和需求削弱的持续挑战而加强钢铁行业的竞争力至关重要。”

设备制造商协会主席丹尼斯·斯莱特（Dennis Slater）在陈述,“在整个终点线上获得这一问题将使我们最重要的贸易伙伴的免税市场获得，在美国经济中增加680亿美元，并创造176,000个美国就业机会。”

AEM指出北美自由贸易协定于1994年1月1日生效, has benefited heavy-equipment makers through duty-free access to Canada and Mexico, that industry’s two largest export markets.

全国房屋建筑商协会也称赞了这笔交易。NAHB指出，在加拿大和墨西哥的建筑材料出口，例如软木木材，钢和铝制，美国的房屋建筑和翻新借鉴了“每年数十亿美元”。

该协会补充说：“这些进口材料和设备的价格波动是不必要地提高住房成本，并加剧了国家的住房负担能力困境。”新利18备用官网登录

Ken Simonson, Associated General Contractors of America's chief economist, said via email, "If President Trump had followed through on withdrawing from NAFTA in the absence of a new agreement, I think the consequences would have been disruptive for many industries."

西蒙森补充说：“至少，关于未来影响的不确定性将导致许多制造商，农业和粮食加工业务，运输和物流公司以及边境社区冻结或延迟计划投资多种类型的结构。”

Talks between Democrats and the administration’s top negotiator, U.S. Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer, were difficult.

尼尔说：“这些是激烈，有争议的，愤怒的谈判。”“I think we set a world record for hanging up on each other, myself and the Trade Rep." He added, "But at the same time, we also knew that this was an opportunity that we couldn’t let get away from us.”

Lighthizer在陈述新协议“将在未来几年中受益于美国工人，农民和牧场主”。他补充说：“这将是美国贸易协议未来的榜样。”

Story updated on 12/19/19 with House floor vote.