When South Nyack, N.Y., Mayor Bonnie Christian rode her bike as a child across the Tappan Zee Bridge at its grand opening more than six decades ago, she had little idea she would one day witness construction of the $4-billion, 3.1-mile structure that would replace it. “You personally never thought of a time span on it,” she says.

The New York State Thruway Authority’s ambition is for the new two-span bridge crossing the Hudson River 25 miles north of New York City to have a 100-year useful life—so the South Nyack mayor who welcomes the next bridge probably isn’t even born yet.

当前应该替换实现centur吗y mark, it will likely owe its longevity to a battery of smart technology systems—sensors, gauges, monitors, data reporting tools and more—that aim to ensure that the structure operates smoothly and safely on a day-to-day basis and doesn’t need its core components replaced or repaired for its entire life.

“We’ll have strain gauges, anemometers, tiltometers—we’re measuring movement where we think it’s important, for strains or forces that we think we need to monitor, obviously for the health of the bridge,” says Jamey Barbas, project director for what is officially called the New NY Bridge Project. “If there are huge winds, we’ll be alerted right away and [be able to restrict whether] trucks go over the bridge. If we see something wrong, we’re able to go out and fix it before it becomes catastrophic in terms of the work effort.”

Tappan Zee构造师 - 该项目的设计建设团队由Fluor Corp.,American Bridge,Traylor Bros.和Granite Construction锚定 - 已经安装了450多个传感器,仪表和监视单元,并在新桥上安装为了从今年晚些时候从北部的旧桥带走所有交通,这两个跨度在2018年都完全开放。该团队现在正在简化传感器与中央数据单元的联系,并与Thruway管理局建立报告参数,Marco Perez说,the contractor’s program lead for facilities. “The structural monitoring system is part of the overall infrastructure for the bridge,” he says.

一个困难的案例研究新利18备用

现有的Tappan Zee于1955年建造,是从容量或结构的角度来看,是一项案例研究,该案例研究是在不长期构建的结构中。新利18备用这座桥努力处理当今的交通量(每天140,000辆汽车),并具有沉重的拥塞,狭窄的车道和没有紧急肩膀,这会导致每英里的事故率,这是纽约570英里的剩余时间,这是纽约人穿越系统的其余部分的两倍。近年来,它还需要数亿美元的基本维修,并且需要类似的资本支出才能保持其当前水平。

相比之下,新桥将有八条交通车道,另外四个用于崩溃和紧急情况,自行车和步行道以及未来处理大众交通交叉口的能力。它也将是美国最高科技的桥梁之一,因为它能够监测结构性健康,实时交通状况以及飓风或地震的极端负担,遵循海外其他人的领导,例如在日本,巴巴斯说。她补充说:“对我们来说,这是[文化转变],这是一项投资。”

私人股权公司Kiddar Capital的首席执行官Todd Hitt说,引入智能技术,通常将设计,建筑和资产管理的世界数字化,并且该行业处于早期阶段。对于这个市场。


“如果我们发现有问题,我们就可以在灾难性的情况下出去修复它。”
- 新纽约桥项目总监Jamey Barbas


他说:“有一个巨大的机会为建筑行业提供数字化解决方案。”他引用计算机设计系统,地理空间雷达设备,数字化的打孔列表,用于安全和安全监控的无人机以及腐蚀和应变表。

Hitt说,到目前为止,由于监管要求,现场安全需求以及储蓄和效率,它们的使用将有限,但是随着行业专业人员的这些工具,它们的使用将扩大。他说:“我们不应该再处于不知道桥梁是否安全的情况。”

即使是其技术功能,这座新桥也已经标志着其许多大型建筑里程碑,包括在12月的419英尺塔楼中脱颖而出,完成了3,000个巷道面板中的大多数以及几乎所有支撑结构的安装,包括超出所有支持结构 -120个钢梁部分和1,000个桩。

The northern span is nearly fully built from the Westchester County shoreline to Rockland County, while the southern span awaits final connections because it overlaps with the existing Tappan Zee, which crews will start to demolish later this year. The northern span is wider in order to both handle the temporary traffic shift as well as future mass transit capacity, Barbas says, describing the plan drafted by Tappan Zee Constructors’ design team of HDR, Buckland & Taylor, AECOM/URS and GZA.

巴巴斯说,剩下的大多数工作都是跨越的。她说:“从水中出来真是太好了。”

测试,测试

该项目的传感器和仪表的切换日期比今年的交通还要早。这些系统将在监视中,以了解许多潜在的变化,问题和条件。

有些人将测量结构摇摆的角运动以及跨度或应力或核心成分形状的长期变形的塔对齐,交通重量和振动的变化。

电缆上的传感器将测试每条线的张力,并影响气候变化。腐蚀监测器将寻找对钢和钢筋部分中材料质量和成分的影响。还有其他人将监视风速和方向,空气温度和天气状况以及交通量和速度。


整个桥梁的传感器最早需要在商店绘图阶段进行计划,以确保材料和结构元素可以容纳设备。
- Marco Perez,计划负责人,Tappan Zee构造师


Tappan Zee Constructors的系统项目工程师Todd Ostendorf说,传感器分为两类,有些嵌入基础架构中,而其他传感器已安装后。他说,嵌入式类别包括码头和甲板上的传感器,以监测围栏系统的钢和钢筋,以实现由道路盐和其他污染物或仪表引起的腐蚀,以测量甲板表面温度。Ostendorf说:“它有助于评估您的子结构的完整性。”

他说,安装后的组包括测量结构的横向运动,逗留电缆上的加速度计和测量轴承健康的传感器的倾斜仪。

佩雷斯说,该团队已在整个桥梁的代表地点部署了传感器,该传感器最早需要在商店绘图阶段进行计划,以确保材料和结构元素可以容纳设备。他说,设计师,设备制造商和分包商的“协调开始”。

所有这些监视单元都会不断产生流向Thruway Authority指挥中心的数据,这为项目团队提供了另一个巨大的任务,可以管理这一切。巴巴斯说,关键策略是编译定制报告并触发针对特定数据读数的目标通知。她说:“某些地方众所周知,对于桥梁所有者来说,检查菌株会更有趣。”

The monitors will all feed into “data acquisitioning units” installed on the bridge that also are hard-wired in most cases via fiber or copper lines to transmit out to the Thruway Authority’s operations systems, Ostendorf says. The data collecting starts soon, because the team intends to establish baselines for the structure’s conditions without traffic in order to compare with how it behaves under normal loads, Perez adds. The team is currently establishing minimum and maximum thresholds for readings that can trigger a notification, he says.

巴巴斯说,所有这些信息对于常规维护计划和检查工作至关重要。

佩雷斯说,数据还将融入智能交通系统基础架构中,该基础架构可帮助运营团队监视数量,天气条件和桥梁安全需求。他说:“立即,您可以更改车道配置或减速流量。”

Barbas补充说,团队将很快为谁获得什么信息以及何时传输的参数设置参数。她说:“我们不想做的一件事是淹没了我们不知所措的各种数据。”

100年

Barbas recalls how her team on a prior drawbridge project figured out a bearing had frozen by noticing that masonry on a pier moved when the span opened.

她说:“我们今天不必等待看到这些更夸张的效果并进行了昂贵的维修。”“通过计算机诊断和这些传感器,我们可以迅速获得阅读和理解。”

她说,这些工具极大地有助于使桥梁持续到下一世纪。Barbas解释说,该设计建筑商的合同要求核心组件不需要在服务寿命上进行重大维护。

“Of course, there can be components that are obviously changed out,” she says. “But the main thing is that the towers and piers—they’re supposed to last 100 years.”