On a Friday morning in February, crane operators from Galasso Trucking and Rigging were installing rooftop generators in New York City’s Tribeca area. As wind gusts approached 20 mph, the crew decided to secure the crawler crane’s 565-ft jib and boom. In the process, the crane toppled, crashing onto the street and killing a 38-year-old pedestrian. The accident also hospitalized three others and damaged a water main and gas lines.

在该市运行的所有376架爬行者起重机和53座塔式起重机都被锁定。两天后，市长比尔·德·布拉西奥（Bill de Blasio）宣布了新的规定，该法规禁止以距城市街道（City Streets）小时不到20英里 /小时的风速，包括在2月份事故中倒塌的类型。市长的命令还将起重机驶入阈值降低到预计风速超过20 mph的情况下。

Additionally, operators now are required to notify area residents and businesses when cranes are being lowered into a secure position. At the same time, the Dept. of Buildings raised the fine to $10,000 from $4,800 for not complying with cease-operations orders.

DOB发言人亚历山大·施内尔（Alexander Schnell）说：“事故的确切原因仍在调查中，但在城市中没有其他起重机事件。”

一个工作小组,包括韦恩船员,将军secretary of the National Academy of Construction, is part of the investigating team.

While de Blasio acknowledged in his Feb. 8 announcement that Queens-based Galasso Trucking and Rigging operators were following industry best practices—including trying to direct foot traffic away from the area—the mayor saw it as a warning that new measures needed to be enacted. ENR’s calls to Galasso Trucking for comment were not returned.

市长在新闻发布会上说：“我们的城市正在进行建设繁荣，尽管我们重视正在完成的工作，但没有什么比我们人民的安全更重要的了。”“如果我们必须采取强有力的措施来限制施工，我们将这样做。没有建筑物值得一个人的生活。”

DOB statistics show that while the square footage of new construction in the city is up 329% since 2009, accidents have increased 98%, from 218 in 2009 to 433 in 2015. Meanwhile, from 2008 to 2015, the number of jobsite fatalities decreased to 11 from 19. Still, the city has plans to hire an additional 100 enforcement inspectors this summer to investigate accidents and suggest new rules if necessary.

Investigator Bradley Closson, of Bonita, Calif.-based CRAFT Forensic Services, has been contacted as a possible participant in a civil suit related to the case and therefore can’t comment on possible causes of the accident. However, Closson says the subsequent new rules will not necessarily make crane operation in New York City safer.

他说：“关于特定风速的最低事故记录的起重机类型的毯子规则不是答案。”“风是情境，地面的条件在驾驶室水平上并不总是与繁荣的尖端相同。这就是为什么您必须期望设法管理的人。”

Fall-Protection Changes

纽约人并不是唯一试图通过从过去的事件中学习来防止未来事故的人。根据劳工统计局的数据，在全国范围内，2014年有4,679名工人在工作中被杀。每周接近90个，每天13人死亡。

Out of the 4,251 worker fatalities in private industry that year, 874 of those, or 20.5%, were in construction. OSHA reports that the leading cause of worker deaths on construction sites was falls, followed by electrocution, struck by objects, and “caught-in/betweens.” These “fatal four” categories were responsible for more than half (58.1%) of all construction deaths.

These statistics loosely correspond to OSHA’s list of the most frequently cited violations in 2014 and 2015: fall protection, hazard communications, scaffolding requirements, respiratory protection and control of hazardous energy.

OSHA在2014年报告了六项致命调查，其中包括2014年1月的一项调查，其中北卡罗来纳州扬斯维尔的一名壁板承包商外部恢复公司的一名雇员处于高级别49英尺高的泵钉支架上，将商业壁板应用于北卡罗来纳州的新的多户公寓大楼。他从脚手架上解开挂绳向建筑物倾斜，以安装拱腹通风孔，然后在下面的混凝土页脚上滑倒并倒下。这一事件导致一项严重的OSHA违规行为和450美元的罚款。

Another incident the same month involved an employee of Skyline Roofing Inc., working at a commercial building in Utah. He was unloading roofing material from a forklift on a roof when he stepped onto a fluted B deck, rolled his ankle, staggered backward, fell over a 1-ft parapet wall and to the ground 36 ft below. This fatality resulted in one repeat OSHA violation and a fine of $6,000. Representatives from the two companies did not respond to ENR requests for comment.

2015年5月，在旧金山现代艺术博物馆的20层，235,000平方英尺的扩张中，仍在调查中进行调查。这项耗资300万美元的项目定于6月开放。一年前，总部位于圣莱安德罗（San Leandro）的或cal脚手架的一名雇员在电梯轴上摔倒时正在架设脚手架。他跌到20英尺，距离七楼第六。

Jennifer Wycisk, corporate safety director for the general contractor, Webcor Builders, Alameda, says no safety practices changed after the accident. However, new practices “absolutely” often do go into effect after an accident, she notes. Wycisk says that, as a rule, “Webcor tends to use prevention [guardrails] before fall-arrest devices.”

After every accident in California, Cal/OSHA investigates. “Usually, a regulation is already in place that would have prevented the incident, in which case we have six months to issue a citation,” says Eric Berg, deputy chief of research and standards at Cal/OSHA.However, it often takes a year to file a report, he notes, adding, “We can also shut down a site if there is imminent danger, such as when there is an unsafe cave or trench.”

An advisory committee at OSHA’s Standards Board considers whether new regulations are needed. It can take a couple of years to get through the rulemaking procedures, unless administrators consider it urgent and issue a special order. “Usually, it is not one incident but a trend that leads to new rule-making,” Berg says.

A new rule going into effect in California will reduce to 6 ft from 15 ft the minimum height to trigger requirements for fall-protection measures to match federal rules. These measures can include anything from guardrails and safety nets to personal fall-arrest systems and a written fall-protection plan. “Our regulations were already safer than federal regulations because they were more specific and provided more guidelines, but now they will have the same height requirements,” Berg says.

Kevin Cannon, senior director, AGC safety and health services, says that whether existing rules need to be enforced or programs need to be updated, training is a necessary part of the equation to avoid future accidents. “Training is key to preventing many problems. It provides awareness to help contractors identify problems before they happen,” he says.