What Hurricane Sandy did to the Rockaways in New York City in a day has taken more than three years to repair—and the work is not done yet.
这不仅是由桑迪引起的破坏，而且沿着海洋边缘在苛刻的环境中工作的范围和复杂性的指示，同时与多个城市机构协调并允许公众进入城市公园和海滩。
文章索引：
The challenges are particularly acute at one of the larger—and arguably most visible—segments of area recovery efforts: reconstruction of the historic five-mile boardwalk.
The Rockaways, also known as Rockaway, are a collection of urban communities that populate a slender peninsula about 11 miles long on the southern edge of the borough of Queens. On one side of the peninsula is Jamaica Bay, on the other is the Atlantic Ocean.
该地区可能为其地铁可通往的海滩和木板走道最为罕见，在2012年10月的沙滩上造成伤害 - 在邻近的房屋和公寓和公寓楼上摧毁或清洗巨大的部分和沉积沙子和碎片。
Even before the storm slammed into the Rockaways, New York’s Dept. of Parks and Recreation had been planning to replace the aging wooden boardwalk, built in the 1920s and ’30s, with a concrete boardwalk.
关键防御
桑迪之后，这些计划采取了新的紧迫感，而迈克尔·彭博（Michael Bloomberg）下的城市致力于2013年夏天开放的rocotaway海滩。
然而，木板走道不仅仅是夏季婴儿推车的走道。除了作为岩石社区的珍贵资产之外，它还是反对桑迪破坏的第一道防线。
More than $140 million was spent to repair and restore the beach for the 2013 summer season. Led by the Dept. of Parks and Recreation and the city Dept. of Design and Construction (DDC), modular bathrooms and lifeguard stations were installed, intact sections of the boardwalk were repaired and six concrete “islands” were built around critical infrastructure such as bathrooms and lifeguard stations.
虽然这项工作正在进行中，但至少有一半的城市代理商与社区密切合作，为第二阶段制定计划，该计划将与新的木板走道连接岛屿，该岛屿配有接入点，设施和管道以及用于水和照明的电线。
The agencies—among them Parks and Recreation, DDC and the Dept. of Transportation—broke the project into five phases with three sub-phases. The first two phases of the boardwalk reconstruction—from Beach 86 Street to Beach 106 Street—were completed and open to the public for the 2015 summer season, which saw an “unprecedented” turnout of more than 7 million visitors, says Dorothy Lewandowski, the Queens borough commissioner at the Parks Dept.
最后的弹力
The final construction phases are now underway and are reaching a crescendo, driven in part by Mayor Bill de Blasio’s push to have the entire boardwalk open by this Memorial Day.
”市长见面带来强有力的承诺r, more resilient and continuous boardwalk to the Rockaway community by Memorial Day 2016, a phased approach was implemented,” says Dan Colangione, vice president of the New York City Economic Development Corp., the managing agency for the reconstruction project. “This approach allowed for construction to proceed in some areas as design and community outreach continued in others.”
分阶段的方法正在完成工作，但由于时间线紧张，它不是以线性方式完成的，这使得更复杂的工作流程。3阶段，包括从海滩126街到海滩108街的电脑走道项目的最西方部分，正在进行中，但在公园部门和经济发展局与社区成员合作时，它的一些部分被搁置了访问斜坡等计划。第4阶段，也是在进行的5A次开始，从去秋天开始，从阶段1和2的工作完成并向东移动，从海滩86街到海滩19街。
The entire boardwalk is scheduled to open this summer, but when the beach season ends, a final phase of work—5b—will involve demolishing a wooden section that is still intact and replacing it with concrete in time to open by Memorial Day 2017. The cost of Phases 2 through 5 is $341 million, which is to be reimbursed to the city by the Federal Emergency Management Agency.
参与者说，在回想起来，与持续的工作相比，该决赛部分的工作似乎是悠闲的。“这项工作立即达到巅峰，”Skanska项目高管Jim Brown说，这项工作的施工经理。
At peak, there are about 100 workers on the job as well as three cranes and four pile-driving rigs. Across all phases of the project, there are about 20 pieces of heavy equipment, he says. Because of the sequencing, some of the heavy lifting, such as pile driving and laying concrete slabs, is still underway on Phase 3, as well as on Phases 4 and 5a.
工作顺序
第一批订单的工作,甚至在前两个phases of reconstruction could begin, was to replace the beach. Sandy washed 1.5 million cu yd of sand out to sea. Between June 2013 and April 2014, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers dredged and pumped more than 3.6 million cu yd back on to the 6.2-mile-long beach, according to Corps spokesman James D’Ambrosio.
The $36.4-million project made the beach wider and higher, providing additional risk reduction, D’Ambrosio says.
In addition, the new boardwalk is higher than the old one. It will be 3 ft above the 100-year floodplain elevation as determined by FEMA and will also be significantly heavier than the wooden pile-concrete cap construction of the old boardwalk.
With the beach restored, the contractors began reconstruction, sinking piles and H-piles into the sand and slipping sections of 8- to 10-ton concrete slabs that serve as a sand wall into place.
沙壁坐在木板走道的陆地边缘下方。木板走道本身由30英尺为30英尺，15吨的混凝土板，其中4,723个，坐在820块帽上，每次重30吨。桩帽锚定到5,500钢管桩，直径为18至24英寸。并将30英尺至40英尺从砂中驱动。
布朗表示，第3阶段的工作约为一半，整个工作都是追踪纪念日截止日期。但对于那个工作的一英里部分，有一个早期的截止日期。
No work can be done in sections 4b, 5a and 5b between April 1 and Aug. 31. That is the breeding period for the piping plover, one of the many Rockaway residents that have to be taken into account. As Borough Commissioner Lewandowski noted of New Yorkers, “We all cohabitate.”
