安全IRS总部改造包括额外的爆炸保护水平。（照片由Oldcastle-Arpal LLC提供）

m具有历史结构的独特特征通常是在安全改造期间克服的挑战性且昂贵的障碍。较旧的建筑物，无论是古典还是现代的，都不是针对21世纪功能，能源和建筑系统要求设计的。设计和建筑专业人员必须在保护居住者和持续运营的同时平衡这些不同的需求。

After the 1995 destruction of Oklahoma City’s Murrah Federal Building, the U. S. General Services Administration addressed security in all federal buildings, especially against truck bombs and other blasts and flying glass shards. "There are creative ways to mitigate blast effects on historic buildings, but with limitations," says GSA Chief Architect Edward Feiner, Washington, D.C. "Reducing the impact of glass fragmentation, with minimal negative effect on historic details or building character, requires care and significant expense. Increased distance or ‘standoff’ from an explosion is the best protection."

如果有土地，则构建街道家具和种植的园林绿化技术可以改善对峙条件。许多历史悠久的公共建筑是其社区中的标志性物品，这些物体设计了深深的挫折，公共广场或草坪。最小的重新配置通常是可行的，但是外部安全性增强功能更为问题。

Sometimes the cost of improving blast resistance performance can be unrealistically expensive, says Feiner. Rather than dismantle the entire historic facade to install an underlying new structure, it may make more sense to change occupancy, he says. Large expenditures on protective construction that produce minimal improvements for occupants make no sense. "Each project should be analyzed to determine the appropriate response," Feiner adds.

CLEAR VIEW

在政府综合大楼，警察局，历史建筑物和其他容易发生威胁的场所，爆炸窗为建筑物乘员提供了高级保护。为了在其华盛顿特区的总部为Windows增加炸弹保护，国税局选择了在以色列开发的吸收能源的窗户系统。框架，玻璃和锚固形成了一个有效的窗户系统，并没有改变结构的历史性外墙。

玻璃在爆炸中变形。	Windows适合现有的IRS结构。
（照片由Oldcastle-Arpal LLC提供）

Blast windows typically include two layers of laminated glass bonded on both sides of a strong plastic interlayer, similar to an automobile windshield. The Blast-Tec framing system and glass installed in the IRS building was anchored into existing structural systems with minimal interface to walls or woodwork. During a blast event, the window is designed to deform in a controlled collapse. The interlayer between the laminated glass prevents flying glass shards associated with blast-related injuries.

"The operable, blast mitigation windows...act as an interior blast shield, while retaining the building’s historic exterior character," says Peter Fillmore, president of Oldcastle-Arpal LLC., the Arlington, Va.-based supplier of the IRS windows. "They address thermal properties and may be used for emergency egress, enhancing employee safety."

法院

州和地方历史悠久的法院通常需要安全和生活安全升级，以满足当前的案件并创建循环区域。“许多年龄较大的历史悠久的法院都有一个主要入口，大厅和法庭。他们并非旨在分开法官，囚犯，陪审员和公共基本的公共安全计划标准的流通，”建筑，Ayres Associates，Eau Claire，Wisc。

不引人注目Grant County Courthouse security measures are low-key, transparent. (Photo courtesy of Ayres Associates)

The $2.6-million Grant County Courthouse remodeling and addition in Lancaster, Wisc., upgraded efficiency and security at the nationally registered 1902 landmark. Secure prisoner transfers from the nearby jail are accomplished with a new elevator, holding cells and garage. The rehab included new jury and meeting rooms, expanded videoconferencing capabilities, separate circulation for judges and replacement windows.

The Essex County, N.J., courthouse, designed by renowned architect Cass Gilbert, is being restored to its former grandeur and receiving security upgrades as part of a $35-million multiphase master plan. "When complete, the 105,000-sq-ft 1907 Beaux-Arts building will include limited glass in courtrooms, direct access for judges to their chambers and load-bearing masonry construction, including Guastavino vaulting in the atrium," says Anne E. Weber, senior associate with Princeton, N.J.-based architects Ford Farewell Mills and Gatsch.

建筑物的增强安全系统包括入口处的X射线和金属检测设备，内部和外部视频监视，访问法官室的卡访问室，公共入口处的视频监控，卧铺，房间的胁迫警报以及可访问窗口的运动探测器。所有设备均连接到中央安全控制。法官长椅上的历史磨难包括防弹面板，这是新法庭上的主食。并入现有建筑物的系统设备和接线将是不可思议的，可以实现高水平的透明安全性。

确保周围并确保访问控制是任何结构的第一道防线。“华盛顿纪念碑计划安装一个有争议的地下入口，使我们应该如何接近地标的混乱。”位于华盛顿特区的国家公园遗产保护服务部的技术保护服务总经理沙龙·帕克（Sharon C. Park）说。

"Documenting existing resources, such as the Statue of Liberty, and Mount Rushmore, is vital so you can repair them when there is damage and assess what’s important to the landmark’s historic character," says Park. "Environmentally sensitive security measures are major considerations during rehabilitation of historic federal resources," she adds.

堡垒

作为常规建筑升级的一部分，许多20世纪中叶的建筑物和地标正在进行安全改造。在五角大楼（五角大楼），其历史可追溯至1940年代，持续的安全升级因在2001年9月11日挽救了额外的生命而被判处持续的安全升级。它还收到了抗爆炸的窗户，这类似于旧的窗户，并没有改变立面。

弗吉尼亚州阿灵顿DMJM Technology高级副总裁Bill Sewell说：“结构上的防御工事使建筑物能够在爆炸后站立，并允许从建筑物信封中撤离。”

HEAVY DUTYPentagon upgrade, already under way, saved many lives in 9/11 terror attack. (Photo courtesy of DOD)

其他增强包括墙treatments, including shatter-resistant carbon fiber materials, which prevented shrapnel and walls from flying into offices. KEVLAR (a material used in bulletproof vests) sheeting behind finished walls added extra protection in case a wall blew in. "On 9/11, smoke was a problem during egress, so arrow-shaped electroluminescent floor strips along baseboards leading to exits were installed," says Sewell. "They emit a nightlight glow and remain on emergency power, like those on aircraft," he adds.

其他五角大楼安全措施包括HVAC进气口位于建筑物外部的高高上方的HVAC进气口，连接到控制中心的化学生物学传感器，高度冗余的不间断电力服务，两个完整的通信系统，如果一个人会下降和洒水器，它们是备份塞维尔说，不在原始建筑物中。DMJM是支持国防部五角大楼校区650万平方英尺总部康复的领先合资企业。

PRIVATE PARTY

像军方一样，公司建筑所有者正试图维持建筑安全和历史性。工作场所安全，工业间谍活动，盗窃和犯罪活动，而不是恐怖威胁，通常是商业办公楼的主要安全问题。

当菲利普·莫里斯（Philip Morris）美国将其总部搬到弗吉尼亚州里士满时，DMJM翻新了前雷诺金属公司公司总部。它建于1958年，并在国家历史注册表上列出。该项目的早期已经解决了新的公司安全标准，以确保员工保护。大堂翻新建立了控制访问点，限制了在相对不受限制的访问时代过去的前所有者运营表征的自由流循环。

"Materials and finishes maintained the historic qualities, while the trend toward smaller, increasingly unobtrusive cameras and technology devices allowed a lower profile," says Sewell.

在历史建筑，尤其是博物馆和文化设施中，保护居民，资产和建筑特征是一个主要问题，同时欢迎公众并避免明显的技术入侵。在可预见的将来，平衡开放和安全性将仍然具有挑战性，因为建筑物所有者确定何时何地，何时和何处应有明显的安全性以及何时适当的透明度。

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