Landscaped trenches that keep rain from overpowering rivers. Underwater beds of eelgrass to reduce erosion. Waterside sitting areas that would give a front-row seat to the rise in sea levels. These are some of the inventive ways New York City and nearby coastlines might be better protected against severe storms like Sandy as a result of the six winning proposals of the federal government's Rebuild by Design competition. While each proposal tackles a different shoreline region, environmental sensitivity plays a big role in each.

景观建筑公司Olin的合伙人理查德·罗克（Richard Roark）说，该地区“是一个非常需要更新的特殊地理”。

The question, Roark adds, is "what kind of environment are we going to create for the next generation?" That question also drove designs for the proposals.

美国住房和城市发展部（HUD）赞助了竞争，以保护最容易受到恶劣天气的城市，并于6月宣布了六项获奖提案。为了防止提议在绘图委员会上闲逛，HUD承诺将9.2亿美元作为其实施的种子资金。竞争需要为项目团队的一年工作，其中包括工程师，建筑师和生态学家。

Some of the projects may break ground as early as next year, while others may take decades to realize. All still have a long way to go before they are fully funded, although team members are optimistic. They say that, regardless of how much gets built and when, the competition was an illuminating exercise in collaboration.

史蒂文斯技术学院的海洋工程学教授艾伦·布鲁姆伯格（Alan Blumberg）说：“设计的天才是将所有这些人如此频繁地汇聚在一起交换想法。这些人以前从未真正交谈过。”在新泽西州霍博肯市，尽管他的团队的提议蓝沙丘呼吁建造一连串的保护岛，但并没有进行最终裁员，但他希望与另一支球队一起工作。

通过HUD的社区发展块赠款（CDBG）支付了479亿美元的Sandy Relief套餐，设计按设计进行了重建，并于2013年6月宣布，最初吸引了来自15个国家的140支团队。比赛要求申请人为从小型海滩城镇到高​​密度城市中心的地区提出解决方案。

The jury included Ole Bouman, director of the Netherlands Architecture Institute; Jeanne Gang, founder of Studio Gang Architects; and Kate Ascher, a partner at BuroHappold Engineering. While at first the teams focused on several neighborhoods of their choosing, the jury at a later stage in the competition assigned each proposal team its own specific project. Over the course of the contest, teams could also receive up to $200,000 to support field research.

大胜利

联邦项目奖的数量与迄今为止最大的3.35亿美元的数量不同，该计划涉及一项名为“ Big U.”的计划。一支由Bjarke Ingels集团在内的团队，该公司是一家名为Big的建筑公司，以及Burohappold Engineering和Arcadis，这项耗资4.18亿美元的提案针对曼哈顿南部的低洼南部边缘。Big U要求建造一条10英里的U形丝带，包括保护性护堤和翻转洪水屏障。它包括一个用于查看海平面上升的区域，该区域被称为“反向水族馆”，位于目前停车场的炮台公园。

One of the berms would anchor the first phase of the project. It would be located at a 1.5-mile section between the FDR Drive and the East River Park that could block storm surges while providing elevated recreational space landscaped with salt-tolerant plants.

大型设计师兼该项目的负责人杰里米·西格尔（Jeremy Siegel）说，开创性可能会发生。他补充说，由于城市的公园部门控制着滨水区的那部分，因此建设很快就会开始的可能性很大。Siegel说，预计该市还有助于筹集资金，以弥补Big U预算的8300万美元余额。

他说，大型团队还考虑了红钩，布鲁克林和南布朗克斯，但曼哈顿很有趣，因为其高住宅密度和对暴风雨的极端脆弱性。

确实，纽约市有20％的公共住房处于洪水平原。Siegel说：“您必须确保您进行的任何投资都尽可能多。”

一支名为“抵抗，延迟，商店，出院”的团队赢得了HUD的第二大财务承诺，这是一笔2.3亿美元的赠款。这项耗资41亿美元的项目集中在新泽西州周围的海滨。由于该地区容易发生严重的洪水，因此该项目将增加一个泵系统，以收集水，否则将压倒下水道并将其远离街道。

洪水风险的工程师马丁·希伦（Marten Hillen）说，改进的排水系统将在地面不渗透94％的地方走很长一段路。全球设计公司。

Although the plan is not likely to be fully completed until about 2040, its first phase—which will include building a park at Weehawken Cove with wetlands to resist storm surges—could start within a few years and have a five-year time line, Hillen says.

新的Meadowlands提案获得了1.5亿美元的联邦资金，要求重新定义这一巨大，沼泽新泽西州北部沼泽地的30平方英里部分的外围，这几十年来一直受到发展的损害。该项目的总资金不可用。

该项目由马萨诸塞州一家智囊团的高级城市主义中心领导，旨在恢复一些湿地，将它们变成团队所谓的Meadowpark和Meadowband。公园将设有一个被护堤包围的公共野生动物保护区，以防止洪水泛滥。在护堤上，草地频道将是一条高密度的街道，设有公寓和酒店，为Meadowpark提供访问点。该项目的第一阶段将建于草地北部边缘的社区，包括小渡轮，Moonachie和Teterboro。

由建筑公司Interboro Partners和工程公司Apex Cos的团队负责在海湾生活。该计划解决了纽约州长岛拿骚县经常被水口的南岸。其1.25亿美元的赠款将用于改善长岛最耗资水道的米尔河周围的走廊，在一段阶段，团队称为该团队。“慢速流。”

该阶段包括一个闸门，如果发生暴风雨，可以关闭，以防止风暴潮。在河边街道上的沥青过多的沥青也将被去除，并用园林的沟渠或生物菜肴代替，以帮助过滤受污染的风暴径流并改善海岸线的整体健康状况。

最高国家水道总监杰伊·博克兰（Jay Borkland）表示，第一阶段的总成本可能为1.77亿美元。该项目的整体成本预计将超过9亿美元。他补充说，在慢速流阶段的开创性可能会在明年发生，到2017年完成。

"Some people who live in the Sandy-affected regions would say it's not fast enough," Borkland says, "but [for] the scale and interrelatedness this requires, you can't go too quickly."

史坦顿岛（Staten Island）在桑迪（Sandy）期间有24人死亡，是生活中的防波堤的重点。包括Scape/Landscape Architecture和Parsons Brinckerhoff在内的团队将使用其6000万美元的赠款来建造一连串的混凝土防波堤，这是一个受击中的街区Tottenville海岸的一连串。三相项目的总成本约为1.8亿美元。

根据该计划，防波堤将缓冲海岸，以防止浪潮，为鱼类和牡蛎创造栖息地，并为皮划艇创建“平静”区域。

With $20 million in federal funding, the Hunts Point Lifelines project will focus on one square mile in an industrial neighborhood in the South Bronx that also is home to a low-income population. The $800-million project will protect existing wholesale food markets that are vulnerable to storms because they are on low-lying land. The stores account for 60% of the produce, 50% of the meat and 30% of the fish eaten by New Yorkers, says Roark of Olin, which helmed the plan along with the University of Pennsylvania's PennDesign school.

In the initial project phase, Roark's team will plant shoreline-strengthening native species such as eelgrass along a waterfront section. Down the road, levees would be installed, which will be made of locally manufactured concrete panels to create much-needed jobs. "Our supposition is that there is a way to integrate neighborhoods and working industry," he says.