Long Beach High School's $29-million renovation and expansion project was made possible thanks to the school district's ability to get voter approval of a $92.7-million bond referendum in 2009. But getting school bond approval during the recession was—and still is—a difficult feat for most schools, finance and construction industry experts say.

Photo by Tom Sibley/Wilk Marketing communications
资本项目:长滩高中的翻新和扩张项目是学区9890万美元保护计划的一部分。
Riverhead中央学区的渲染
进行投票:这是两次尝试,但是Riverhead中央学区能够通过其债券发行。

由于经济仍在强调,失业率仍然很高,“这是一个很难让选民要求他们批准最终将提高税收的计划,”纽约市政顾问公司董事长罗伯特·克尔(Robert Kerr)说。纽约州Syosset

It was "a little bit easier" to do this before the recession, says Kerr, whose firm advises municipalities and school districts, including the Long Beach City School District (LBCSD), on debt issuance. "Ten years ago the economy was doing well. New York state was giving incentives to school districts to do building projects and to improve their building plans," he says. About half of New York state's school districts had some sort of capital project in the works, he adds.

But the recession dried up what little activity there was, and many schools put even their maintenance projects on hold. As a result, it is mostly the patch-and-repair projects that are undertaken, and they are largely funded via a district's annual capital budget or through small-bond referendums, some in the low million-dollar range or less, says Roger Smith, principal of BBS Architects and Engineers, Patchogue, N.Y., whose firm assists school districts with capital bond referendums.

"So if there's a crack in the facade of a 60-year-old building, they're fixing the crack, not [addressing] the whole problem," Smith says. "People are doing just the complete necessities."

即便如此,尽管这些项目的规模有,但学校建设项目的数量并未大幅下降。新利18备用网址史密斯说:“经济所做的不仅减少了那里的工作量,而且还降低了项目的规模,因此[维修和基础设施重建工作]正在被赶出并推迟。”新利18备用网址“未来将是维护基础设施和支持课程的工作的完整性的工作,例如升级科学室。

克尔说,尽管学校债券公投的气氛艰难,但一些地区仍然能够说服纳税人前进。

最终,2011年10月,河岸中央学区(RCSD)是另一个位于更远东的长岛小镇。进行了两次尝试,但RCSD能够通过七所学校和一个主要校园的扩张,翻新和基础设施改善,获得了7830万美元的债券发行。

该地区最初尝试并未能在2010年2月通过了1.22亿美元的提案,但是在修改了其资本改善计划之后,它重新提交了低价提案,并成功地通过了它。BBS协助RCSD向选民提出债券问题。该地区在夏季开始了建设项目。

"School construction is a huge portion of overall construction," says Smith, whose firm undertook $1.6 billion of Long Island's roughly $3 billion worth of school construction projects from 1998 through 2010. Smith estimates the value of Long Island's biddable construction work this year at about $125 million. "Districts are not doing the work," he says.

学区也面临一个单独的关注点 - 纽约州强制性2%的物业税收上限,这首先在2012-2013的预算中有效。总部位于奥尔巴尼的智囊团纽约州政策中心主任蒂姆·霍弗(Tim Hoefer)表示,上限限制了地方政府和学区征收的财产税的年增长。如果一个地区停留在2%的基本上限之内,那么它只需要简单的多数选民来批准其预算。但是,如果该地区超过该税收上限,则其预算需要60%的选民批准。因此,超过上限的地区需要更高水平的选民批准才能通过拟议的预算。

史密斯说:“各地区和纳税人之间存在极大的困惑。”去年引入该措施时,一些人认为它适用于资本建设工作。他补充说,大约花了九个月的时间才能更好地澄清这种工作不在税收上限之外,一些选民仍然感到困惑。

但是,学校债券公投与上限分开。克尔说,他不希望许多学区在2013年寻求债券全民公决。“这将比这需要更多的时间,”他说。“在该地区仍然存在经济压力,要求在该税收征税中保持税收,预计在2013年经济不会有太大改善。”

他补充说,具有讽刺意味的是,这是学区继续前进的好时机,因为建筑成本降低了,资助资本项目的利率处于历史性低点。新利18备用网址新利18备用官网登录目前,20年期免税债券发行的利率不到3%。

As for investors, the relative safety of school district debt and the tax advantages of not paying income tax on the earnings are big pluses. "There's a lot of interest and, actually, the interest in this type of debt has grown due to its relative safety," Kerr says. Given that investors do not like the risk of lending to, for example, construction firms, school district bonds are a good place for them to park their money. "You don't hear about school districts filing for bankruptcy; it happens, but it's very rare," he says.

Meanwhile, the LBCSD bond, plus $6.2 million it already had on hand in emergency funds for exterior repairs, made its $98.9-million capital improvement plan a reality. The plan includes renovations and/or repairs to seven LBCSD schools plus some administrative buildings (table, p. 25).

尽管LBCSD成功地获得了2,857名选民中59%的债券提议,但目前的项目计划是该地区最初希望执行的提案的缩放版本。LBCSD首席运营官迈克尔·德维托(Michael Devito)表示,最初,为期三年的总体规划过程已经确定了价值3.5亿美元的项目。新利18备用网址

Devito说,学校建筑的历史可以追溯到1920年代和1930年代,已经遭受了多年的“运营预算资金不足,无法进行这些旧建筑物确实需要的预防性维护和大规模维修的类型”。“在[贫困经济]中要进行的第一件事是这种维护,因此该地区对建筑物进行了延期维护。”

在LBCSD,校务委员会决定,3亿美元的价格标签太大了,居民无法考虑,因此缩小了计划。“他们试图查看实际的优先事项,并与他们认为社区可以处理的数字保持一致,因此他们决定使用9270万美元的债券。”Devito说,根据他们所谓的“学校保护计划”,他们概述了三个操作原则的优先事项:安全,社区使用和设施保护。

他说,尽管LBCSD选民在2009年批准了全民投票,但该地区直到2011年5月才开始借贷,并在六个月后开始偿还债务。他补充说,该地区将以3%的利息在15年内偿还债券问题。LBCSD还获得了3810万美元的纽约州Building Aid,这是一项多年国家报销计划,以帮助抵消成本。新利18备用官网登录

有了国家援助,评估为673,200美元的房地产价值的房主的平均每月付款约为每月19美元。奥尔巴尼CS Arch的执行原则汤姆·里萨纳勒(Tom Ritzenthaler)说,说服选民最终将花费大量的钱,这并不是太困难了,奥尔巴尼CS Arch的执行原则开始制定2007年该地区的远程设施计划。公众代表该地区确定所需的特定基础设施和安全维修。

Ritzenthaler说:“是有原因称其为'保存'计划的原因。”该地区的许多旧建筑状况不佳,这对父母和其他访问它们的人来说是很明显的。他说,例如,在其中一所小学中,立面陷入了困境,以至于砖石的一些钢制lintels掉下来了。

Ritzenthaler说,该地区的困难部分是削减最初的计划,只能保留和升级学校的必需品。他补充说,在这种情况下,更容易获得选民批准,因为他们长期以来已经意识到了需求。